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LaoPositive aspects of river valley projects include increased water supply for irrigation and drinking, hydroelectric power generation, improved transportation, and promotion of economic development. Negative aspects can include displacement of communities, loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and potential environmental degradation from dam construction and operation. Environmental impact assessments and community consultations are important to minimize negative effects and maximize benefits.
Positive aspects of river valley projects include generating electricity for citizens of the area, providing irrigation, improving fishing areas, and refining habitats. Negative aspects include the displacement of many people while these initiatives are taking place and the loss of older homes.
Multi-purpose river valley projects nearly always involve construction of a large dam. That provides flood control, electrical generation, and irrigation water for farms. The disadvantages are often ignored by developing countries. Communities along the river are flooded and must relocate. Excellent fields, orchards and forests may be lost. Fish lose natural habitat such as gravelly areas to lay eggs -- this is especially problematic in the American West. Migratory fish are destroyed because they can't navigate past the dam. The still water becomes warmer that moving water and this can increase unwanted flora (algae, moss, weeds) and unhealthy bacteria. Silt carried by the river deposits in the new lake and slowly fills it up. The sand and silt is essential for healthy beaches -- it is supposed to reach the sea, but ends up stuck behind a dam.
Multipurpose river valley projects affect environment as they lead to the displacement of human, plants, animals, chiefly from small tribal communities; disrupt downstream fisheries; increase the risk of earthquakes; submerge forest land; increase the spread of insect-borne diseases; and threaten the fragile regional ecosystem through reducing, the flow of water from the rivers into the seas. These projects initially devastate human lives and biodiversity by inundating thousands of acres of forests and agricultural land. They degrade the fertile agricultural soils due to continuous irrigation (rather the seasonal irrigation which is dependent on the monsoon), and salinization, making the soil toxic to many plant species. Further upstream, where the silt deposits have not yet become a problem, there's another problem. Landless people (predominantly tribal people and Dalits) have traditionally cultivated rice, fruit and vegetables on the rich, shallow silt banks the river leaves when it recedes in the dry months. Every now and then, the engineers manning the Bargi Dam (way upstream, near Jabalpur) release water from the reservoir without warning. Downstream, the water level in the river suddenly rises. Hundreds of families have had their crops washed away several times, leaving them with no livelihood
* PROBLEMS FOR THE NEAR BY PEOPLE,BECAUSE BY THIS CONSTRUCTION OF DAM ,PEOPLE HAVE TO SHIFT TO OTHER PLACE.
* AND IT WILL CAUSE FLOOD ,WHEN THE DAM BREAK.
* IT WILL ALSO CAUSE THE LIFE OF AQUATIC ANIMALS,BECAUSE MAINLY FISHES WANT TO MIGRATE TO ANOTHER PLACE DURING SPAWNING,BUT THIS DAM WILL BLOCK THEIR WAY
* IN DAM AREA ,90%THERE WILL BE EARTH QUAKE.
The advantages: Water resource management including irrigation, water for human consuption, flood control and others,
Disadvantages: reduces natural furtility in the normally flooded zones, impacts on fisheries, inappropriate use of water resources or over use of those resources.
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