Yes.
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Yes, propene (C3H6) does not have cis and trans isomers because it only has two carbon atoms bonded to each other. Isomers with respect to double bond orientation are observed in molecules with four different substituents on each carbon atom.
Yes, 3-octene can exhibit cis-trans isomerism. In the cis isomer, the two methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, while in the trans isomer, they are on opposite sides.
Chloroaquotetrammine cobalt(II) chloride has two geometrical isomers: cis isomer and trans isomer. In the cis isomer, the chloride and ammonia ligands are adjacent to each other, while in the trans isomer, they are opposite to each other. This results in different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central cobalt ion.
In cis-isomers, the carbon bonds are on the same side, and in the trans-isomers, the carbons are on the opposite side. Or put another way... In cis-isomers, the substituents bound to the C=C are on the same side, and the trans-isomer, the substituents bound to the C=C are on opposite sides.
This could be termed as "3-heptene" or "hept-3-ene". Depending on the geometric isomers you could add the prefix cis or trans. If the 2 H atoms are on one side and the hydrocarbon chain on the other side, then it is the cis isomer. If the groups are on either sides , then it is the trans isomer.
The cis-trans isomerism tend to be very stable. Typically, trans isomers are more stable however, an exception lies in cis-trans isomers which makes them more stable than trans isomers.