They speed up.
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Gas particles speed up when heated because the increase in temperature provides more energy to the particles, which causes them to move faster and with greater kinetic energy. This increased speed results in higher pressure within the gas container.
The density will decrease because the heated metal contracts and its particles slow down.
When a solid changes to a liquid, the particles gain energy and start moving faster, causing the solid to melt into a liquid. So, in this process, the particles speed up.
When matter loses energy, its particles slow down. This decrease in kinetic energy leads to a decrease in particle movement and ultimately a decrease in temperature.
That simply means that the lid will reduce the heat transfer.
Particles in the atmosphere can scatter and absorb light and radio waves, which can affect their speed and direction. However, the overall speed of light and radio waves remains constant in a vacuum, according to the theory of relativity. So while particles may interact with these waves, they do not slow them down in a vacuum.