It's to make sure everyone's notes are in tune with everyone else.
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I believe there is no word for it, they just tune up. Usually the first chair first violinist, the concert master, will come onto the stage after the orchestra is already seated and the concert master will play an A usually and then the orchestra will tune.
a above the middle C
Currently in America it is set at A=440, however, some European orchestra like to go a little higher anywhere from 442-5 but in music history A has ranged anywhere from 425-460 if not a wider range of variance
All the instruments are tune to the piano. Before an orchestral concert, the musicians will either tune to a note played on the violin by the concertmaster, or an oboist.
Basically he tunes the orchestra to concert pitch.Another answerThe concert master, or leader, is the principal first violinist. In addition to playing the violin, she or he makes decisions on behalf of the full orchestra on stage. For example, she indicates to the principal oboist when to sound the note to which the orchestra tunes up, and oversees the tuning-up process. He decides when the orchestra should stand up to acknowledge applause, when to sit down, and when to leave the stage. She accepts the thanks expressed by the conductor to the orchestra, and ensures that all members are included in those thanks. In short, he represents the orchestra in circumstances where it is impractical for individual players to represent themselves.