There were more established Musical Instruments by then. There were beginning to be a lot of good performers on those instruments. Composers were broadening their experimentation with music to include two and three part harmonies, instead of just individual polyphonic lines.
Those are the three main reasons - there are lots of others. But your question is well put. Renaissance music did indeed sound "fuller" than medieval music.
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Some similarities between medieval and Renaissance music would be the type of notation used (the type developed by the end of the medieval period was used in the Renaissance, too.) also the cantus firmus(using a given melody to compose a polyphonic work)was still used but maybe more freely. The forms, fixes such as the rondeaux, viralaie and ballades were still used up to a certain point in the Renaissance. its mostly the change from focussing on the technical side of music in the medieval period to making music for expression and meaning in the renaissance.
it was the rebirth of time. That's what the renaissance was. So now what do u think? Huh? >.<
I believe we find the most medieval music from Italy.
The Renaissance saw the development of homophonic texture in music, a step away from plainchants and the church, and music as a means of expression.
* Medieval - pre 1450 * Renaissance 1450 - 1600 * Baroque 1600 - 1750 * Classical 1750 - 1820 * Romantic 1810 - 1910 * 20th Century 1900 - 2000