Oh, dude, in the classical period of music, composers were all about that balance and structure. They were like, "Let's keep it classy with some clear melodies and harmonies, none of that wild stuff from the Baroque era." It was all about form and order, like a really uptight party where everyone had to follow the rules.
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Unlike the dynamics of the early baroque, Classical Music dynamics tended to be a little more diverse, yet without the passion of the Romantic era. There was the range, from the pianissimo to the fortissimo but music of the early Classical era lacked the dramatic and sudden changes characteristic of later Classical composers such as Beethoven, who led into the Romantic.
Concert pitch A4 (a') was arround 415 to 421 Hz. That is a half tone lower than our concert pitch of 440 Hz (up to 445 Hz) nowadays.
The period in which composers like Domenico Scarlatti and Baldassare Galuppi were active.
The 20th century is the most diverse classical music period.
They don't.
Classical music wasn't as you know it today. Today we have multiple genres spanning the entire music scene of the world. Several centuries ago Classical music was simply music. There was no disparity between what was classical and what was not. Nearly everything of the time was classical therefore it became popular from its inception. In terms of instrumental classical music, that took off at the demise of the Baroque Period and beginning of the Classical period. Rising middle-class wages allowed for a wider range of audience in virtuoso performances and public orchestras. Music was a sign of prestige and therefore those who could not perform at least attended. It was one of the primary sources of entertainment besides plays. Popularity for classical music has dwindled since the 19th century. And there is little hope it will be revived through the few neo-classical artists remaining.
In music, "classical" has two meanings. The generalized term, "Classical Music" denotes art music composed for performance, as opposed to popular songs, rock, or theater music. The more specialized meaning, within the larger category of classical music, denotes symphonies or other types of music composed in the mid- to late-18th century through the early 19th, by Haydn, Mozart, early Beethoven and their contemporaries, known as the "classical period". Alternately, "classic" can just mean a favorite or standard for many years, like classic rock, classic bluegrass, etc.