Traditionally, the Concertmaster (usually the first chair violinist) tunes his violin to a known standard pitch like A-440 and then the other orchestral instruments tune to his or her pitch. Sometimes, an oboist provides the pitch tone for tuning.
The Oboe is used more frequently because its sound penetrates easier to all players of the orchestra.
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A standard symphony orchestra can tune to three different members: the principal oboe, the concertmaster, or the solo pianist. The oboist is used to tune whenever there is an oboe in the orchestra, the concertmaster is used whenever there isn't an oboe, and the pianist/keyboardist will play the tuning note if he or she is the soloist for the evening.
The instrument used in the Doctor Who theme tune is the theremin.
Saxophone
The violin is the highest instrument in a string orchestra. The violins are divided into two sections (1st violins and 2nd violins), the 1st violins usually play the tune and play higher than the 2nd violins. However, the piccolo is the highest instrument in a full orchestra. The difference between a string orchestra and a full orchestra is that the string orchestra has only stringed instruments while a full orchestra has strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
A viola is a string instrument, not a percussion instrument, and therefore it is used in an orchestra.