I do not understand your question. If you are not behind another vehicle, under what conditions would you want to pass?
I have passed many vehicles when I have been driving on a two lane highway. First: You should not cross a solid line unless there is a dashed line on your side of the solid line. Second: There should not be another car coming in your direction. Third: Your vision of the road ahead should be clear so that it is safe to pass. Fourth: The other car should be going slow enough so that you have a reason to pass.
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pass another vehicle.
You cannot pass the vehicle in front of you, and those in the opposite lane may not pass either.
You can, but you shouldn't. Passing on the right is dangerous, and should be avoided, as it causes problems with cars merging into what should be a slower lane, while you are going faster than the normal traffic in that lane. If you wish to pass a car that is in the center lane, go on their left. If the car in the left lane is going slow, wait for them to merge to the right.
This is highly dependent on what kind of roadway you are on, and where you are driving. On two-lane highways in the US, the oncoming traffic lane is used for passing. Most states allow this type of passing outside of urban areas where it is not specifically prohibited. On three-lane highways in the US (not common anymore), the center lane is used for passing but is subject to restrictions (yield to uphill traffic, etc.). On four lane highways which are not freeways, most states allow passing only in the left lane in your direction. On freeways with a center divider and multiple lanes in your direction, most states recommend passing in the left lane but permit it in any lane. Some states do not allow passing on the right. A center lane which is a two-way left turn lane may never be used for passing in nearly all states. A shoulder lane may be used to pass a stopped vehicle when it is safe to do so in most states. There are lots of exceptions to the Uniform Vehicle Code.
Technically you can and can't, if you're driving down a any road with a continuous double yellow line (not broken) you can never pass (even if there's not a car in sight going the other direction but people tend to get annoyed and will pass only if there's not a cop around). On the other hand if you driving down a STRAIGHT road, and there is a broken line on your side with a continuous solid line on the other side of it, you CAN pass (See below link).