The two giants of baroque composition were J.S. Bach and George Friederick Handel. Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist. Bach created masterpieces in every Baroque genre except Opera.
Bach was, in fact, famous for his Brandenburg Concertos, a series of six instrumental concertos believed to have been performed first in 1721, and possibly written earlier.
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He never wrote an opera.
While at Leipzig, Bach taught organ and composition, gave recitals, and was often asked to judge the quality of organs. He was responsible for the musical education of some fifty-five students in the St. Thomas school. He rehearsed, conducted, and usually composed an extended work for chorus, soloists and orchestra for each Sunday and holiday of the church year.
Monteverdi's work is seen as transitional between the Renaissance and Baroque periods. He also developed opera into a major dramatic and musical form. Read more about his work in the Related Web Links to the left.
The following are characteristics of Gregorio chants except:
I don't think the augmented triad was used on purpose or with much emphasis, at least not in the same way the diminished triad was used. For example, Bach will purposely sustain or emphasize diminished traids and seventh chords, but I wouldn't expect to hear an augmented triad except as a result of passing tones. You could certainly find the tones C E and G# played at the same time, but usually not in a way that indicates it being treated like a specific chord.