The International Space Station (ISS) marked its 10th anniversary of continuous human occupation on Nov. 2, 2010. HOWEVER, I do not know if there was an overlapping of the beginning of the ISS occupation with that of MIR (the Soviet space station).
So the answer I can give is at least 10 years and 28 days!
Human Beings on earth are also in space, as earth is not outside space that is the cosmos. So, after the evolution of human beings, the space is having humans all the time. So, the last time space was without humans is before the first humans came on to earth.
OK, leaving out the semantics of 'space' in the answer above, the MIR de-orbited in March 2001, so the answer is from Oct 31 2000 (the launch of the Russian Soyuz to dock with the ISS) and counting.
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The last time a human has landed on the moon was in 1971. Since no NASA astronauts have landed on anything from that day on, astronauts are mostly carried by a space craft throughout their journey.
Sure. Anything that is mass-energy does.
To see if it was safe for a human to travel into safe. If the monkey made it, a human might survive space travel. If the ape died, then it was not safe for a human to go into space. The chimp lived, so human beings were sent into outer space.
Human Edge - 2001 Space Debris was released on: USA: 2001
Yuri Gagarin was the first human both sent to space and also to orbit the Earth.