Laws vary by state, and depending on what the crime was, but in general, yes, juveniles can be tried as adults if the juvenile court certifies them as an adult and transfers the case to criminal court.
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Set a precedent that juveniles can not be tried and acquitted in juvenile court then tried again in "adult" criminal court. Basically, the constitutional protection from double jeopardy applies to juveniles as well as adults.
This question can't really be answered because children were tried as adults from the time that the country was settled until relatively recently.
Graham v. Florida, 560 US __ (2010)(08-7412)The US Supreme Court voted 6-3 that juveniles tried as adults for non-homicide crimes cannot be sentenced to life without possibility of parole.For more information, see Related Questions, below.
In most jurisdiction juveniles are tried in a separate "juvenile court" unless they commit a serious crime that has the court elevate their offender status to that of an 'adult.' Then the juvenile is tried in adult court.
With the theory that young, inexperienced-in-the-ways-of-life juveniles should not be tried in the same system as adults and they should be shown more leniency and forgiveness in the hopes that maturity would straighten them out withouit being exposed to the harsh realities of the criminal world.I leave it to the reader to make their own determination as to whether this has actually worked out in practice.