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Work is done whenever the given two conditions are satisfied:

(i) A force acts on the body.

(ii) There is a displacement of the body by the application of force in or opposite to the direction of force.

If the direction of force is perpendicular to displacement, then the work done is zero.

If the satellite is in a perfectly circular orbit, then the force of gravity is always

perpendicular to the satellite's velocity, and gravity never does any work.

If the orbit isn't circular, then there is a radial component of velocity at most points in

the orbit, and some gravitational acceleration, work, etc., but those are exactly matched

by negative values at other points in the orbit, and the total over a complete orbit

is zero again.

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