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That isn't white smoke, it's water vapor that is condensed out of the air by the passing of the aircraft. This is called a "contrail," which stands for condensation trail. The altitude depends upon the relative humidity and the temperature, which vary from hour to hour. Generally, this only occurs at very high altitudes.
The acceleration of an object that falls from a certain height does not depend on its mass, in an ideal condition with no air resistance. The value of acceleration is the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 m s-2. <><><><><> However, in this case, air resistance is going to matter. 12000 feet is high enough for the person to accelerate to what we call terminal velocity. Terminal velocity is the velocity where the force of acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m s-2) is matched by the air resistance. That velocity varies, depending on the outline shape of the person, and is typically around 200 km/h or 125 mph. That will be the velocity of the fall.
Normally, temperature decreases as altitude increases. In a temperature inversion, the temperature increases as altitude increases, up to the level of air that is causing the inversion. See "Temperature change as altitude increases?" for info on how temperature normally decreases with altitude when there is not a temperature inversion.The rate at which the temperature goes down is down 1.1 degrees celsius for every 500 feet you go up.
No, tablelands are plateaux and not block mountains. a plateau is called a tableland because it is a high raised land (also called plain-in-the air).
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