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There are three levels of court in France. The first level involves affairs of less importance (lawsuits of under a few thousand euros, minor ofeences when it comes to criminal law). There is no prosecutor or state representative in these courts, and it is not required that you get assistance by a lawyer. Convictions will amount to a fine at most (there is no possibility of being jailed).
The second level involves lawsuit of medium to considerable value, and a range of more serious crimes (called délits). Offences fall in that category when you could be jailed for having committed them. The commonest example is theft. There is prosecutor and a panel of professional judges. Assistance by a lawyer is encouraged and sometimes paid for by the state.
The highest range of offences (called "crimes" in French are judged by the Cour d'Assises. Violent crimes will likely fall in that category. The court is made up of the same set of professionals, plus a 12-person jury.
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