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The citizens of the South American nation of Brazil speak Portuguese. For Brazil is a former colony of Portugal. In fact, the first known European to discover South America's largest country was Pedro Alvares Cabral [1467/1468/1469? - c. 1520], who reached the country by accident. Cabral was leading an expedition down the African coast. He intended to go all the way down, round the southernmost points, and on through the Indian ocean to India. But he wanted to avoid the calm off the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. And so he had the 13 ships in his expedition sail more southwestwardly through the Atlantic. But the expedition went so far to the southwest that they sighted land, which they called Monte Pascoal, on April 21, 1500. When they landed, they thought that the land was an island, which they called the Island of the True Cross. Over the next century, the Portuguese began colonizing their new country, while the Spanish settled most of the rest of South America. The settlement in distinct areas of South America wasn't accidental. In fact, it was regulated by the Treaty of Tordesillas, in 1497. For the treaty divided the non-Christian world into zones of influence for Spain, and zones for Portugal. And the dividing line just happened to run in such a way that Portugal was able to clalim Brazil. After three centuries of colonial status, Brazil declared its independence on September 7, 1822. But Portugal officially didn't release Brazil from dependency until August 29, 1825. By that time, the Portuguese had been making all of the economic development decisions for over three centuries. And the use of the Portuguese language in so doing had worked so well that it was a logical choice for Portuguese to be the official language of the newly independent nation.

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Portuguese is the official language of the South American country of Brazil. It also is the country's main spoken language. It therefore is known, spoken and understood throughout the cities of Brazil.

Portuguese also is spoken in other countries of South America. But the total number of speakers and the percentage of the total population that they represent are far less than in Brazil. One such country is Argentina, where the official language is Spanish. Nevertheless, Portuguese is one of the spoken languages of the Republic's capital city of Buenos Aires. For many of Buenos Aires' immigrant families come from Galicia, which is a Spanish province that shares a border with Portugal. And so many Galicians speak Portuguese as well as Galician and Spanish. In addition, Lunfardo, which is one of Buenos Aires' slangs, mixed Brazilian Portuguese with English and with the dialects of Africa, the Caribbean, and Italy.

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In an official capacity, Portuguese is spoken in four of the South American countries. The language gets the most use in Brazil, where it's the official language, and the main language that's known, spoken and understood by almost all Brazilians. To far lesser degrees, Portuguese is used in the neighboring countries of Argentina and Uruguay; and in The Co-operative Republic of Guyana. In Argentina and Uruguay, it's a required subject for schoolchildren, what with the heavy traffic back and forth over both countries' borders with Brazil. In Guyana, Portuguese is recognized as one of the nine regional languages of importance to the survival of the nation, where English remains the official language. To a much much lesser degree, Portuguese also is known, spoken and understood in the neighboring South American countries of Bolivia, French Guiana, Paraguay, Suriname, and Venezuela.

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