A state of national emergency has an adverse effect on fundamental rights. Under such a state, the rights conferred by Article 19 (freedoms of speech, assembly and movement, etc.) remain suspended. Hence, in such a situation, the legislature may make laws which go against the rights given in Article 19. Also, the President may by order suspend the right to move court for the enforcement of other rights as well.
Non Citizens have the basic fundamental rights such as Article 14-Right to Equality and Article 21- Right to Life, the other fundamental right are only available to the citizens of India.
Only if the matter relates to the violation of fundamental rights of the citizens
The importance of fundamental duties is that they define the moral obligations of all citizens to help in the promotion of the spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. However , they are not legally enforceable.
It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the Law but of course it was not in effect during the French Revolution of 1789 to 1799.The Napoleonic Code reflected Enlightenment principles because it guaranteed equality for all citizens under the law. The code was established in 1804 by Napoleon I.
Lincoln delt forefully with disloyalty and dissent. he suspended the writ of habes corpus, which prevented the govenment from holding citizens without formally charging them with crimes.
Citizens are guaranteed priveleges and immunities.
Rights guaranteed to all US citizens include freedom of speech, of press, and of assembly. They are also guaranteed the freedom of religion. US citizens have the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
The Constitution
Non Citizens have the basic fundamental rights such as Article 14-Right to Equality and Article 21- Right to Life, the other fundamental right are only available to the citizens of India.
It is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
Constitutional rights
Indian Fundamental Duties are not enforceable by law/court.
Martial law.
Civil rights
U.s. Citizens
right of citizens to vote
protect state citizens