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Which part of the immune response is specific to a particular pathogen?

The part of the immune response that is specific to a particular pathogen is the adaptive immune response. This response involves the activation of lymphocytes, particularly T cells and B cells, which recognize specific antigens presented by the pathogen. B cells produce antibodies that target these antigens, while T cells can directly kill infected cells or help orchestrate the immune response. This specificity allows for a tailored and effective defense against distinct pathogens.


Any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response is called a(n)?

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens that response is called a reinforcer. Reinforcers can be positive, such as rewards or praise, which increase the likelihood of the behavior being repeated, or negative, where the removal of an unpleasant stimulus also strengthens the behavior.


What is the Cost that change in response to a particular course of action?

Costs that change in response to a particular course of action are differential costs.


What is the specific protein made in response to a particular antigen?

The specific protein made in response to a particular antigen is called an antibody.


What is it called when the stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated?

Pavlovian response.


When regulatory t cells are functioning does the strength of the immune response decreases?

Increase


What is contextual conditioning?

Contextual conditioning is a form of of classical conditioning that involves the association of a stimulus with a particular context or environment to produce a specific response. This means that the behavior is influenced not only by the stimulus itself, but also by the surrounding context in which the stimulus is presented.


What type of response time is necessary to increase the probability of arrest at the scene?

one minute or less


What were the questions presented?

The questions presented typically refer to the specific issues or topics that a legal case or discussion seeks to address. These can include inquiries about the interpretation of laws, the application of legal principles to a particular set of facts, or broader constitutional questions. To provide a more detailed response, additional context about the specific case or topic in question would be needed.


How is the response of nature to the Exodus presented?

What you meant to ask seems to be "How is the response of nature to the miracles of the Exodus presented."The Torah informs us that nature is completely subservient to God. He created the universe with its "immutable" natural laws; and He overrides these laws when He sees fit.See also:More about the Exodus


What is a reading response?

A reading response is a ummm readers response to a particular type of text . e.q hw you felt about the text, did you like it ?, Do you agree with it ?


When you observe data that consistently increases or decreases in response to a variable you are observing a trend true or false?

True. Observing data that consistently increases or decreases in response to a variable indicates a trend. This trend can provide valuable information about the relationship between the variables being studied.