Schools will generally use a number system of identification with the student body due to the possible repetition of names (i.e. if there were two people named John Smith), the numbers are each unique.
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because there are different learning curriculum's
4+4=8 this isn't seven names for eight but it is one
Perhaps you use your brain instead of asking for help with your homework
Scientific notation is especially useful if you use very large numbers, or very small numbers (numbers close to zero). I am not sure whether biologists commonly use such numbers, though.
They used numerals because that was the system which they gradually developed over a long period of time. If someone had introduced them to the current system of numbers they would probably have used that instead, they just didn't know about it.