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That depends on how you define Major and Minor judges, and who you determine were the Judges. If asked who were the Judges most spoken of in the book of Judges and up through Samuel, you would get one list. If however you referred to those who were the most successful and faithful to God, (Judges), you would get a variation in that list.

One example would be the Judge Samson. He was wrote about more than any of the other Judges, in the Book of Judges, yet also was one of the most carnal, disobedient to God, unsuccessful and ultimately tragic stories of any of the Judges. So in his case we would say that there was much wrote about him in the scriptures but most of it was due to his extremely disobedient life, and squandering of his great supernatural gift of strength that he was endowed with.

A reverse example of this would be Othniel who was Caleb's younger brother (Jud1:13) and the first Judge specifically called a Judge. The account of his life runs only a few verses (Jud 1:13;3:9-11). Yet, under him Israel was completely delivered from their enemies, and the people remained faithful to their God and the land had rest for the next 40 years, or the rest of Othniel's life. Obviously he was a great success in the eyes of the Lord and faithful, for we read that the land was at rest the whole time he was a Judge (40 years). That is, there are no more accounts of Israel doing evil in the eyes of the Lord, which always preceded the Lord delivering them to be punished by the hands of their enemies. which they were not delivered unto their enemies for the remaining 40 years of Othniel's life, but were at peace. So Othniel during his life, kept the people faithful to their God, and was extremely successful and pleasing to the Lord as a servant and Judge, like unto even Moses. This would place him near the top of the list of Major judges, if ordered according to their successfullness as a Judge.Yet, next to nothing in known about him in The Bible. So we see then that one does not necessarily equal the other.

For the sake of completeness besides the previous explanation I will give a list that runs Moses - Samuel. While Moses, and Joshua were before the time of the book of Judges, and were not specifically called Judges, their function was exactly the same. The only reason to not count them as Judges was because they led the people in the wilderness and to the promised land but were not called upon to deliever them FROM the hand of the enemies that oppressed them, once the Jewish people were settled WITHIN in the Promised Land. So in this technical sense they were not to be called a Judge and not to be on this list, though I included them also, because neither did Eli nor Samson meet these requirements, yet both were referred to as Judges in the books of 1&2 Samuel.This list will be in order of Major to Minor as classified by the amount of scripture wrote about them, and next to each name will be an S for successful or U for unsuccessful to give you an idea of their effectiveness, along with the scripture reference that speaks of them.

Major

  • Moses- S- first Judge- Exodus- Duet.
  • Samuel- S- the last judge; then follows the time of the Kings, starting with Saul
  • Joshua- S 2nd judge following Moses death, led Israel in the conquest and occupation of the Promised land- the Book of Joshua
  • Deborah-S-Jud.4-5
  • Gideon (Jerubaal)-S-Jud.6-8
  • Jephthah- S and U- He defeated the enemies but made a foolish vow to God costing his daughter's life-Jud.11-12:7
  • Samson- partially S but mainly U-Jud.13-16-He killed some of the peoples enemies, mostly all at his death, but his whole life was characterized by constant disobedience to God making himself unavailable most of his life to be used by God to completely deliver Israel from the hand of the Philistines

Minor

  • Othniel-S-Jud.1:12-13&3:7-11
  • Ehud-S-Jud.3:12-30
  • Shamgar-S-Jud.3:31
  • Abimilech??-U-Jud.9-not raised by God, slew his brethren- sons of Gideon, wanted to make himself king and ultimately killed for his wickedness
  • Tola-S-Jud.10:1-2
  • Jair-S-Jud.10:3-5
  • Ibzan-S-Jud.12:8-10
  • Elon-S-12:11-12
  • Abdon-S-12:13-15
  • Eli-U-1Sam.1-4:18
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Q: What are the Major and Minor Judges?
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What is the difference between the major and minor judges?

In legal systems, major judges typically refer to judges who preside over higher courts, such as appellate or supreme courts, while minor judges are judges who preside over lower courts, such as district or municipal courts. Major judges often handle more complex cases and have the authority to review decisions made by lower courts, while minor judges primarily handle less serious cases and have limited jurisdiction. The distinction between major and minor judges is based on the level of court they preside over and the scope of their judicial authority.


Why the are called as major and minor judges?

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