A second language is a language that is learned after one has already learned one language. Sometimes it is also that your family is bi or multilingual. For example I speak Marathi but because of schools in India i have to be very fluent in Hindi and English (these are my 2nd and 3rd languages). It is often learned for business purposes because of the second language's dominance in important affairs. For example, many people learn English because of how many important affairs involve the United States.
A foreign language is a language that is from a country other than one's native country. Foreign languages are usually learned for the sake of learning about the culture and people who speak it. For example, some people learn ancient Greek for a deeper understanding of the early philosophers from reading their works in their original language.A second language is a language you learn that is not the language you normally speak. e.g. if you grow up speaking only English and you learn spanish later in life your second language is spanish. Furthermore you have choice whether to continue your career in that language as it is just something you have to learn in school and give tests on. It may or may not help you later in life. So it is like something quite distant to you and you do not use it every day to think or speak.
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A second language is a language that a person learns in addition to their native language and often has some degree of proficiency in, while a foreign language is a language that is not commonly spoken in the learner's environment and is usually learned for academic, business, or personal reasons. The distinction lies in the context in which the language is learned and used.
If one considers English to be a native language of the U.S. (which could be a point of debate in itself), then Spanish would be the most-spoken foreign language and the dialects of the Chinese language would be the second most-spoken foreign language.
In France, students typically start learning a second language in primary school around the ages of 6-7. The most commonly taught second language is English, followed by Spanish and German. By the time students finish secondary school, they are expected to have a strong command of at least one foreign language.
English as a second language (ESL) is typically taught in a country where English is the primary language, with the goal of helping non-native speakers become proficient in English. English as a foreign language (EFL) is taught in countries where English is not the primary language, with the focus on developing English language skills for communication or academic purposes.
The second most spoken language in Australia is Mandarin Chinese, followed by Arabic.
The most commonly spoken foreign language among Germans is English. English is widely taught in schools and is widely used in business and tourism in Germany. Additionally, many Germans have a strong command of English as a second language.