There are two extant species of the family Chelydridae: Chelydra serpentina, the Common Snapping Turtle, and its larger relative Macrochelys temminckii, the Alligator Snapping Turtle (although the monotypic Asian genus Platysternon has at times been included in this group). Both are endemic to the Western Hemisphere.
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The scientific name for the map turtle is Graptemys spp.
No, terrapin is not the scientific name for a turtle. Terrapin typically refers to a type of turtle that is found in brackish water environments. The scientific name for turtles varies depending on the species, such as Chelonia mydas for the green sea turtle.
The scientific name for a Hawksbill Turtle is Eretmochelys imbricata.
The scientific name for the freshwater turtle is Chelonia mydas.
The scientific name for turtles in general is Testudines. Bear in mind that different species also have specific subnames. Trionyx triunguis for example is the scientific name for the African Softshell Turtle.