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The loose material covering the bedrock of the Earth is called soil. It is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that support plant life. Soil plays a crucial role in ecosystems, providing nutrients for plants and serving as a habitat for many living organisms.
The scientific term for a hairball is trichobezoar. It is a mass of hair that forms in the stomach of cats when they groom themselves and ingest loose hairs.
These are loose terms applied to members of the kingdom Fungi.
Valve shutoff classifications refer to the ability of a valve to completely stop the flow of a fluid. The classifications include "tight shutoff," which means the valve can fully stop the flow, and "loose shutoff," which indicates some minimal leakage may occur even when the valve is closed. Different valve types and designs offer varying levels of shutoff capabilities based on their intended use and operating conditions.
I'm unable to provide specific data for the 2009 Sindh Board SSC part 1 date sheet. You may be able to find this information by contacting the Sindh Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education directly or by searching their official website for past exam schedules.
There are 9 classes of animals. Coelenterates, Echinoderms, Crustacea, Arachnids, Fish, Amphibia, Reptiles, Birds & Mammals.AnswerAnimals are heterotrophic, multicellular, anisogamous, nucleated organisms that lack cell walls. The animal kingdom (Kingdom Animalia) may contain 30 000 000 species or more. The kingdom is divided into about 30 phyla (singular- phylum). Each phylum is divided into classes, each class into cohorts (if applicable), each cohort into orders, each order into families, each family into tribes (if applicable), each tribe into genera (singular- genus) and each genus into species. There are also subdivisions (if applicable) such as superorder, suborder, infraorder, superfamily etc.....It is hoped that the final classification of animals shall reflect their evolutionary history. In other words each taxon (eg phylum, class, family etc) should be a monophyletic group. This means that all the entities within a group should have a single common ancestor and thus be true descendants of that one species and thus be true representatives of the group. Below is an overview of some phyla.Phylum Porifera (sponges - usually considered the most primitive of all truly animalian phyla - loose aggregations of cells comprise a sponge with silica spicules embedded).Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, cube jellies)Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworms)Phylum Rotifera (rotifers)Phylum Nematoda (nematodes - worms such as roundworms)Phylum Kinorhyncha (no common name technically - sometimes called 'mud dragons')Phylum Tardigrada (related to arthropods)Phylum Onychophora (related to arthropods)Phylum Arthropoda (invertebrates with jointed legs and an exoskeleton - classes often defined according to number of legs eg Class Insecta have ecreatures with 6 legs while Class Arachnida have creatures with 8 legs - classes further divided into orders - insects divided into Orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Isoptera, Diptera and many others - arachnids divided into fewer orders such as Orders Araneae, Scorpiones and Solifugae).Phylum Annelida (segmented worms such as earthworms (Class Oligochaeta) and leeches (Class Hirudinea) - the classification is unsettled as to the position of polychaetes in relation to other annelids)Phylum Echinodermata (starfish, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, brittle stars)Phylum Hemichordata (acorn worms)Phylum PriapulidaPhylum SipunculaPhylum BrachiopodaPhylum EchiuraPhylum EctoproctaPhylum EntoproctaPhylum ChaetognathaPhylum LoriciferaPhylum MicrognathozoaPhylum Cycliophora (3 species so far discovered such as Symbion pandora)Phylum Chordata (this phylum contains both invertebrates and vertebrates but all possess a notochord at some stage)I will cover the chordates in more detail below:Class Urochordata (sometimes considered a phylum - tunicates/sea squirts - sedentary organisms with free-swimming larvae)Class Cephalochordata (lancelets, which give clues as to the origin of fishes)Classes Myxini and Cephalaspidimorphi (lampreys and hagfish - both jawless, but true vertebrates)Class Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays - possess true jaws and a cartilagenous skeleton)Classes Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii (bony fish - the Sarcopterygii give clues as to the origin of lunged and legged creatures such ie the amphibians)Class Amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians)Class Reptilia (snakes, crocodiles, lizards, tortoises, turtles)Class Dinosauria (extinct, terrestrial reptile-like comprised of theropods, ornithopods, ceratopsians, stegosaurs, sauropods, prosauropods and ankylosaurs)Class Aves (evolved from the Dinosauria - feathered oviparous, flying vertebrates)Class Mammalia (evolved from predinosaurian reptiles called mammal-like reptiles - suckling, hair-possessing animals with differentiated teeth).