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The layer of coal between rocks is called a coal seam or coal bed. This layer forms over millions of years from compressed plant material.
Coal is neither a mineral, nor even a consistent material. Types range from the brown coals and lignite, through to anthracite and the hard coals. Jet is a hard form of coal that is fashioned into jewellery and decorative objects. For these reasons, coals are not classified in the Linnean binomial system, nor by mineralogy.
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. It is also produced through natural processes like respiration in living organisms and volcanic eruptions.
You have answered your own question....the (English) scientific name of the atom that has 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons IS Carbon... If you're looking for the archaic nomenclature then, oddly, this was one of the first elements formally named...prior to the formal naming, it was called "coal" or "soot". Unlike things like Saltpeter (potassium nitrate) and Aqua Regia (Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid)...carbon has been, and continues to be, a staple of modern and archaic chemistry.
Carbon dioxide is produced through the process of respiration by plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as through the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, carbon dioxide is released during processes such as fermentation, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires.
Resources can be classified based on their origin as renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources are those that can be replaced naturally over time, such as sunlight and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be easily replaced, such as fossil fuels like coal and oil. This classification helps in understanding their availability and impact on the environment.