Fermentation
fermentation
NAD+ carries hydrogen and, more importantly, an electron during glycolysis.
Glycolysis is the process where one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. During this process, four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH are produced, but no hydrogen atoms are released as such.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains two hydrogen atoms and two electrons to form NADH during glycolysis. NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting the hydrogen atoms and becoming reduced to form NADH.
The four main steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis). These steps occur in different parts of the cell and result in the production of ATP for cellular energy.
NADH and FADH2 are the molecules that carry high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain. These molecules are produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and donate their electrons to the chain to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
NH3
NADH and FADH2 are coenzymes that capture hydrogen molecules during cellular respiration. NADH is involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, while FADH2 is primarily involved in the citric acid cycle. These coenzymes donate their captured electrons to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Substrates are the products of enzyme activity when metabolism occurs. For example: with glycolysis hydrogen is a substrate that is carried to the electron transport chain by NAD and FAD which then become NADH and FADH with the added hydrogen. I am just a student though, i was looking for the same answer. Just know what is produced as a result of a particular reaction and you will have your substrates. Shane
In aerobic respiration, one glucose molecule typically produces 36-38 ATP molecules through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. In anaerobic respiration, such as fermentation, the number of ATP molecules produced is lower, around 2 ATP molecules.
Hydrogen molecules of water
The oxygen molecules that you breathe are actually used in the last part of aerobic respiration. They are the final electron acceptors in electron transport chain.