His philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, and also was important to elements of the French Revolution. He argued for a society based on reason rather than faith, and created a new social contract (like john Locke) in Discourse on Inequality. Both philosophers agreed that a social contract created between a government and the governed, in which a government's authority relies on the consent of the governed, was necessary for people to live in society. Both of their social contracts rest on the idea of natural rights, which is that everyone is born with a certain set of rights and the government exists to protect those rights.
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The cultural movement known as Enlightenment occured in the 18th century. Enlightenment started in Europe, but it quickly moved to the colonies of America.
The Newtonian science exerted its greatest impact of the scientific enlightenment period in the 17th and 18th century.
The ability to do as one thought or wished is what caused the scientific revolution and enlightenment in the 17th and 18th century in Europe.
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Most consider the Age of Enlightenment to have ended with the start of the French Revolution in 1789. For more than a century before that the discoveries of scientists, such as Galileo, and ideas of philosophers, such as Rene Descartes, had led people into a rejection of the automatic respect for kings and the Christian priesthood that had been common in Europe during and since the Middle Ages. All nations contributed to the Enlightenment agenda, but the French led the way during the 18th century. The writings of Denis Diderot, Voltaire and D'Alembert, all French, provided the material for the supporters of the Enlightenment to take the argument to the traditionalists. These writers lived in the reign of King Louis the Fifteenth of France (1715-1774).