The statue equestrian of Marcus Aurelius was not melted down because in the Middle Ages it was thought that it was a statue of Constantine the Great and therefore was not seen a the representation of a pagan emperor.
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An equestrian statue, or a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, were used to emphasize a military leader's or statesmen's leadership roles. They were particularly used in ancient Rome. One of the few Roman equestrian statues that was not melted down is the Statue of Marcus Aurelius.
The Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius is the only surviving equestrian statue of a pre-Christian Roman Emperor. These statues were meted down in the latter days of the Romans to make coins or new statues or in the Middle Ages because the Christians saw them as pagan idols. This statue has survived because it was mistakenly thought that it was the statue of Constantine the Great, who was considered to have been the first Christian Roman emperor.
There is only one known Replica of the Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, the one in the Piazza del Campidoglio, a square created on the Capitoline Hill by Michelangelo when he redesigned this hill. The original is now in the Capitoline museum. This statue is one of the very few which have survived. Statues of the Classical period were usually melted down to reuse the bronze to make coins or the build new statues in late antiquity. Statues of emperors were also destroyed by Christians in the Middle Ages because they saw them as portraying pagan idols. The statue of Marcus Aurelius was spared because it was thought that it was thought that it was a statue of Constantine I, the first Christian emperor. It was placed in the Lateran Palace, the original residence of the Popes, in the 8th century. It was moved to the Capitoline Hill in 1538. It is now in a museum to protect it from pollution and the statue in the square is a replica.