The Governor of the state is the main person in charge of that state's National Guard. The President of the United States takes charge of any National Guard unit at any time they want to. An example would be; the Governor of the state deploys National Guard troops to floods and fires around the state when needed. The President will deploy National Guard troops overseas to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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There are actually two National Guards, but when people say the National Guard they are probably (but not necessarily) talking about the Army National Guard. The other National Guard is the Air National Guard which is to the Air Force what the Army National Guard is to the Army.
No. There is only an Army National Guard and an Air National Guard.
An Army National Guard Recruiter.
The Army National Guard and Air National Guard do work together. Although, most missions are different and require that they work on different tasks. You will most definitely see Army and Air National Guard working together on a big project.
The national guard was originally named "State Militia" per the US Constitution.