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What was the rival Italian civilization defeated by Romans called?
The Roman defeated several ethnic groups which lived in Italy: the Volsci, Aequi, Ausoni, Sidicini, Campanians, Vestines, Samnites, Umbrians and Gauls. The biggest wars Rome fought against tOther Italian groups were the Samnites, in the three Samnite Wars (343-341 B.C., 326-304 B.C.,and 298-290 B.C). The Romans fought against some of the Etruscan city-states: Veii, Tarquinia, Vulsci, Volsini, Perusia, Curtum and Clusium.
What are the major cities of the ancient Roman Empire?
Several famous Roman cities: Rome (of course) Antium Cumae Neapolis Ravenna Arretium Mediolanum Arpinum Circei Setia Satricum Ardea Ostia Velitrae Viroconium Tarentum Brundisium Caesaraugusta Caesarea Palmyra Signia Aquileia Clusium Sutrium
Durin the early years of roman expansion what city was Rome's only rival?
The Etruscan city of Veii, which was only 10 miles from Rome, on the other side of the river Tiber, was Rome's main rival in the early days of Rome's history. The two cities fought each other 8 times in some 350 years. This ended when Rome destroyed Veii in 396 BC. However, Veii was not Rome's only rival. The nearby Sabines attacked Roman territory several times. In the early 5th century BC the Etruscan cities of Tarquinii and Clusium also attacked Rome and the other Latin cities allied against Rome and fought her. In that century the most dangerous enemies of Rome were the Aequi and the Volsci who had conquered lands to the south of Rome. Rome had to fight defensive wars against their plundering raids on her territories for most of that century.
Which century marks the incorporation of Etruria into the Roman Empire?
The Etruscans came under the sphere of Rome's influence as started becoming Latinised in the early 3rd century BC. The last instances of Etruscan resistance against Rome occurred in the mid and late 4th and early 3rs centuries. Etruria was a collection of independent city states, rather than a unified nation.Tarquinii and Vulci (two cities near the coast of southern Etruria) fought a war with Rome from 358 BC to 351 BC and lost. They signed a peace treaty. Rome seized some of their territories and some of their ports to weaken them.In the 311 BC four of the five Etruscan cities on the mountains of eastern Tuscany (Cortona, Clusium, Volsinii and Perusia) joined forces to attack the city of Sutrium, which was a Roman colony. Arrretium, which was in the same area, did not join in. They attacked this city twice in and were defeated on the second occasion. They were then routed at the Battle of Lake Vadimo in 310 BC. In 308 BC the Romans seized some fortresses belonging to Volsinii.In 295 BC these Etruscan cities allied with the Samnites and the Senone tribe of the Gauls against Rome during the Third Samnite War (298-90 BC). The Romans sent military detachments to their territories to separate them from the Samnite and Senone forces and defeated them. They also defeated the Samnites and Gauls at the battle of Sentinum. In the same year an alliance between Arretiun Perusia and Volterrae (in the north of Etruria) was defeated near Rosellae (on the coast in the south). In 294 BC the Romans ravaged the territory of Volsinii and defeated her army by her city walls. A forty-year truce was agreed.The last instance of Etruscan resistance was 283 BC. An unspecified number of Etruscan cities allied with the Senone Gauls. They routed a Roman contingent. The Senones were then defeated and these Etruscans joined forces with the Boii Gauls who were marching south. They marched on Rome together, but they were routed in another Battle of Lake Vadimone. In 280 BC Volsinii took up arms in alliance with Vuci (a city of the coast in the south of Etruria) but was defeated and was finally subjugated. In 265 BC the aristocracy of Volsinii was too weak to deal with a revolutionary movement of freedmen and asked Rome for help. The Romans intervened and rescued the aristocracy, but decided to destroy the city and relocate its people to a new (Roman) Volsinii.
What event caused the etruscans and the Romans to finally fight?
The Etruscans and Romans did not finally fight. They had quite a number of on-and-off fights over centuries. It has to be noted that there were never fights between Rome and the Etruscans as such. They involved a single Etruscan city or a limited number of them. There was not a united Etruria. It was a collection of independent city-states and there were 12 cities which were the richest and most powerful ones. They never fought altogether and there was never an all-Etruscan military force. Ancient historians at times got confused and were confusing because they reported fights with the Etruscans without specifying which city/cities were involved. The Etruscans most probably never conquered/ruled Rome. This fashionable theory and its flimsy evidence base has been challenged recently . Unfortunately, what were mere hypotheses were often presented as actual matters of fact/historical 'truths', even though the materials used for it were nothing more than hooks for speculation, rather than actual proof. Similarly, Rome never conquered Etruria as such. There were quite a number of wars. The cities of Tarquinii and Veii attacked Rome when the republic was founded (509 BC) and the city of Clusium besieged it the next year. In 396 BC, Rome destroyed the city of Veii after some 450 years of on-and-off clashes. In 389 BC some unspecified Etruscans besieged Sutrium, a city allied to Rome. The Romans freed it and then seized two towns in the territory of Tarquinii. Soon after, unspecified Etruscans attacked two cities allied to Rome (one was Sutrium again) and were defeated. In 358 BC Rome declared war on Tarquinii because it had raided Roman territory. This city was then joined by the city of Caere, traditionally an ally of Rome. They lost and they signed peace treaties of 40 and 100 years respectively. In 310 BC 4 of the 5 Etruscan cities on the plateau of the Apennine Mountains besieged Sutrium. Rome defeated them and ravaged the territory of Volsinii. A few years later, the Romans came to the aid of the ruling class of this city which was facing a revolution. They suppressed it and decided to destroy the city and relocate it to a defenceless position. The last war saw Rome defeating an army of Etruscans (probably formed by the 5 cities on the plateau) and Umbrians which was in an alliance with the Samnite and Gaul armies during the 3rd Samnite war. After that the Etruscan civilisation slowly decayed and disappeared. It had been weakened by the above wars and Rome now had hegemony in Italy. Etruria became a backwater in a peninsula that was now centred around Rome. As they were no longer troublesome, Rome did not attack them or try to conquer them.
