1964
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Hospitals of these times were very crude. Sometimes someones home, bark, or a church was used as a hospital. Often times the wounded were cared for in a make shift tent or and open field. The conditions were very unsanitary. Infections ran rapid because of the lack of antibiotics and the lack of sterilized instruments. Nurses and surgeons often did not wash their hands between patients. It was unknown that hand washing prevented the spread of infections and disease. Often times soldiers had to have limbs amputated due to gangrene. During these times there was some anesthetic used but often times anesthetic was not available. The anesthetic would have been ether or chloroform. The problem with chloroform is that it can be toxic and is a respiratory depressant. Ether is that it was highly flammable. If no anesthetic was available the most prized surgeon where those who could amputate a leg the fastest. Morphine was available as a pain killer but is highly addictive. Morphine became known as the soldier's disease.
Depends on their geographical location and what they were being used for. In Flanders, sandbags rotted quickly due to the damp conditions, while in Gallipoli they could last for the duration. Also, a bag begin used to shelter a machine gun on the front lines will naturally draw take more fire that one being used to shore up the wall of a general's tent.
The Japanese were the last modern power to use the sword in general combat (WW2). The US Military uses swords for "dress parade" only.
Bailey was his mother's last name and the last name he used as a boy.
General Ulysses S. Grant