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The question was, how should slaves be counted for the purpose of Congressional representation? The South wanted to count all slaves as "population", because this would increase the number of Representatives from the slave states. The northern states didn't want to include slaves AT ALL; if they weren't fully citizens and couldn't vote, why should they be counted for purposes of representation?

The "three fifths" compromise gave southern states some additional Congressional representation, without giving the South an overwhelming advantage.

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