The Oslo accords or Oslo Agreement was between the PLO and Israel. It was a result of an initiative that came from people around the leader of the Norwegian research organization FAFO. The FAFO conducted a large research program on living conditions in the territories of Palestine. The FAFO leader, Terje Rod Larsen, became a good friend and contact of the Palestinian Leader. With the help from Larsen, the Palestinian leader has to gather with the PLO and the Israel's government for informal meetings in Norway. They chose Norway because it was far enough away, that there would be no media to bother them. Many meetings passed until they came to a sketch to how peace for land could be achieved between Palestinians and Israel. In 1993, the idea was accepted by Israel and the PLO. The final agreement involved autonomy for parts of the Gas Strip and the West Bank (Jericho). In 1995 a disagreement sprang up, it proved that Israel would not fulfill all of their processes because there were several unclear elements to the first Oslo Agreement, they called this Oslo 2.
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Hamas opposed the Oslo accords and wanted to undermine the PLO-Israeli peace process.
The main result is that the Palestinian Authority became a recognized representative of the Palestinian people and statehood aspirations.
There is no organization that fits all of these criteria. There is no Palestinian/Arab/Islamic militant organization that was founded in 1817. However, a militant organization created in 1987 that rivaled the Palestine Liberation Organization and strongly opposed the Oslo Accords was HAMAS.
Yes. The Oslo Accords. However, no treaty that fully addresses even one of the major sticking points has been proffered and signed.
No. According to the Oslo Accords in 1993, the Gaza Strip officially belongs to the Palestinian Authority. It is currently occupied by the Hamas Paramilitary/Terrorist Group.