For several hundred years (roughly the 16th and 17th centuries), the Mughal Empire ruled most of what is modern-day India. The decline of this Muslim power from the early 1700s onward was accompanied by the rise of Hindu leadership in the form of the Maratha Empire along with the steady increase of European (especially British) control of the sub-continent.
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The British :)
The nation of India became an English colony after the fall of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of the Mughal Empire, India was ruled by many Rajas and Nawabs. Many states became independent. One by one these states were defeated by the British East India Company. Later the Bristish established their rule in India after crushing the Independence Movement in 1857.
mughal empire
The British colony of India (also called the Raj) composed the majority of the Mughal territory. A small minority was allocated to the buffer state of Afghanistan (which was not a colony).
While there was chaos in some regions, a kind of autonomous regional political order emerged after the fall of the Mughal.