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Mithridates VI was a king of a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea called Pontus. He had an extreme fear of being poisoned and developed immunity to various poisons by taking very small doses of these poisons. When he was preparing to attack Rome, his son Pharnaces II overthrew him and took over the army, and in response, he tried to commit suicide to protect his honor. However, he couldn't poison himself because his immunity was too high, so he had his personal body guard stab him. (This is why the practice of taking small doses of poisons to become immune to them is called mithridatism.)

Rex is a Latin term meaning "king [of]"

Ponticus is a male Latin name for the region Mithridates ruled over, Pontus. The name Pontus comes from the Greek word Πόντος Pόntos "sea."

Thus, Mithridates Rex Ponticus translates as "Mithridates King of Pontus" or "King Mithridates of Pontus."

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Q: What does Mithridates Rex Ponticus mean?
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The Romans fought three Mithridatic Wars (88-84 BC, 83-81 BC and 75-63 BC) against Mithridates VI of Pontus. In the first one, Mithridates invaded Cappadocia (in eastern present day Turkey) and the Roman province of Asia (in western Turkey) where he slaughtered the local Romans. He established a foothold in Greece, and incited several Greek states to rebel against the Romans in Greece and its allied state, Bithynia (in northwestern Turkey). In the ensuing war Rome won. Many Greek cities rebelled against Mithridates. Mithridates had to withdraw, but was allowed to retain this kingdom of Pontus. The second war was started by a Roman General stationed in the area (Lucius Licinius Murena) on his own accord, claiming that Mithridates was threatened the Roman province of Asia. There were just skirmishes and Murena suffered a defeat. Rome ordered the restoration of peace. The third war followed the bequest of the kingdom of Bithynia to Rome by its last king of Pontus. Mithridates had allied with Sertorius, a Roman general who led a rebellion in Spain against Lucius Cornelius Sulla's rival political faction. Mithridates invaded Bithynia while Rome was busy in Spain. The mentioned rebellion ended the following year, releasing Roman troops for this war. Mithridates made an alliance with Tigranes, the king of Armenia. Rome had to fight against both kingdoms, but won the war. Pontus and Armenia were turned into client states.


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