It depends on how you define Palestine.
If you define it as the territories under the de facto control of the Palestinian Authority, it only borders Israel.
If you consider only the territories of the West Bank, even those under de facto Israeli control, it borders both Israel and Jordan.
If you consider all of the Palestinian Territories, also including the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, it borders Israel, Jordan, and Egypt.
If you consider the former Mandate of Palestine that many Arabs use when they discuss Palestine replacing Israel, it would border Jordan, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon (but no Israel since Israel would be gone).
Countries with international borders to Egypt are Palestinian territories (Gaza Strip), Israel, Libya, and Sudan.
In order of longest to shortest border as the countries currently exist de facto: Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon.
Israel/Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are the four modern countries that have territory from Ancient Palestine.
Palestine
The two states border each other.
There are over 50 Islamic countries, so Palestine is certainly not the only Islamic country, but if you are considering Israel and Palestine, yes, Palestine is the Islamic country while Israel is the Jewish country.
Countries that border the Mediterranean that are wholly in Asia include: Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine. Countries that border the Mediterranean and are intercontinental with parts in Asia include: Turkey and Egypt.
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria are the Arab countries that border the Mediterranean.
Countries that border the Mediterranean on its eastern edge include: Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Egypt.
Actually, Egypt is bordered by 3 countries, Libya, North Sudan, and Israel. Or 4, if you count Palestine as an independent state.
In order of longest to shortest border as the countries currently exist de facto: Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon.
Palestine is one country with (currently) two governments and a foreign military occupation. Historic Palestine is made of two countries: Israel and Palestine.
Israel/Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are the four modern countries that have territory from Ancient Palestine.
Iraq does not border a lot of Middle Eastern countries, including: Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain.
The following countries are the only countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, if the country is not on this list then they do not border the sea.SpainFranceMonacoItalyMaltaSloveniaCroatiaBosnia and HerzegovinaMontenegroAlbaniaGreeceCyprusTurkeySyriaLebanonIsraelEgyptLibyaTunisiaAlgeriaMoroccoThere are only about a dozen that do border the Mediterranean, so the other hundred odd countries in the world do not.
Egypt.
When countries share a border, it is called a "land border" or a "physical border".
certainly israel syria Iraq & Saudi Arabia but Jordan also shares at least hypothetically an often overlooked sea border with Egypt in the gulf of aqaba & tho jordans border with the west bank aka palestine is questionable because palestine is not really a country & because israel not palestine actually occupies the entire west bank of the Jordan river which forms the boundary with Jordan nevertheless palestine does enjoy a narrow corridor from Jericho to Jordan across the allenby bridge which is thus itself a very short border of sorts with a country of sorts too