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Theodosius I nominated his two sons for a co-emperorship: Arcadius (the elder one) in the east, and Honorious in the west.

The Romans only used one term: Roman Empire. The terms Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire have been coined by historians. Historians have also coined the term Byzantine empire for the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Therefore, this term applies to a period that started 81 years after the death Theodosius.

Historians also put the death Theodosius at the time when they consider the two parts of the empire as becoming split. This was not due to an official act. It was down to circumstances. His two sons were young and incompetent. This allowed powerful men in the courts of the east and west to conspire against each other. In addition, the fall of the west started soon after with the first wave of Germanic invasions in the west, which occurred 11 years after Theodosius died.

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