Dictators are a thing of either Roman antiquity or of the 20th/21st century. In between there were kings or reigning dukes (in Italy) who had near-absolute powers, but nobody considered them 'dictators' at the time.
In ancient Rome, 'dictator' was simply the title (sometimes) given in times of war to someone for a limited period of usually 6 months. This was done when the Roman Senate decided it was necessary that all decisions to be made to get Rome out of a tight spot should be made by one man for maximum efficiency. So back then it was simply a temporary job to be done. If a Roman dictator caused any deaths, it was amongst the enemy soldiers.
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Gargoyles became popular in the medieval period but they date back to ancient Egypt.
Neither the word "Xerox" nor the Xerox Corporation existed in medieval times. Xerox is a trademark and an invented word - invented around 1958. Xerxes, however, was an ancient Persian emperor, long before medieval times, but his name was known in medieval Europe.
Oh yes, flour was in use during the medieval period. Flour was used even in the ancient world, that preceded the medieval period. It has been in use for thousands of years.
Medieval texts would be either material that was written during the Middle Ages, or material that was transcribed or translated during the Middle Ages. Since there are nearly no original texts left from ancient times, the medieval copies of ancient literature are very important.
The Ottoman empire is not ancient, it is late medieval. And it traded with all over Asia and Europe, so there are a menagerie of goods that the Ottoman Empire imported.