What amendment provides citizens with more than just the rights listed in the Constitution?

Answer 1

The Ninth Amendment: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

There's a reason for this. The Anti-Federalists in the Constitutional Convention were worried that the proposed federal government, being much stronger than the old government under the Articles of Confederation, might become abusive of the liberties of the people, as every other government had. The Federalists argued that the government under the proposed Constitution could never become tyrannical, because only specific limited powers were granted to the government.

The Anti-Federalists argued for a specific "Bill of Rights" that would limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals. The Federalists argued that such a bill of rights was unneeded, and anyway, it would be impossible to specifically list all the rights of ordinary Americans. Further, any such listing would make it seem that only these specific rights were protected, that all the others could be abrogated.

The Bill of Rights that we see today is the compromise solution; specific limits on the power of the Federal Government. Further, the Ninth Amendment protects un-enumerated rights, and the Tenth Amendment limits the Federal Government to ONLY the specific powers granted in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.

Alas, it didn't work; the Bill of Rights is widely ignored, the 9th and 10th amendment guarantees gutted, and the remainder of the Bill of Rights nearly inverted in their meanings. The Enumerated Powers of Article I, Section 8 are entirely disregarded, and the concept of "limits" applied to government is routinely mocked.

Answer 2

The 9th amendment declares that rights not mentioned in the constitution are reserved for the people. This gives the people power. The tenth amendment is similar, but gives rights not specified to the states.