The impact was the same as in most wars; getting caught up in it, as well as the hardships of no medical care, food, housing (shelter), transportation, education, churches, etc. The ONLY added feature to Vietnam was the Viet Cong guerilla, who often took shelter in civilians homes; and since they often didn't wear uniforms (as did the NVA) local civilians often had to do some fast talking to US/Allied Forces in convincing us that they were NOT "VC". Especially if we found evidence indicating that communists guerillas (VC) had been there previously. The greatest fear of any local civilian in South Vietnam was being accused of being "VC". They feared execution on the spot, if South Viet authorities were present (to do the executing). In many cases that fear was unfounded, but it was known to happen, as seen on TV during the TET offensive of '68.
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The civilian population was inundated with scenes of wounded American soldiers and destruction caused by the American military. No where was there to be found any video of what the NVA or Viet Cong had done. It was a one-sided pictorial of what the news wanted to present.
In Vietnam, they were often in the "field of fire", aka "cross fire." Today called "collateral damage."
Stress and anger. Civilians were the manpower pool for military conscription. Without civilians there would have been no military men.
Vietnam Vietnam
Vietnam
North Vietnam launched an invasion of South Vietnam.North Vietnam launched an invasion of south Vietnam.
South Vietnam's surrender to North Vietnam is what ended the Vietnam War. The North Vietnamese had the goal of Vietnamese Unification and the surrender of South Vietnam in 1975 allowed them to achieve that objective.
North Vietnam and South Vietnam. South Vietnam was a democratic republic and North Vietnam had a socialist government headed by a communist regime. North Vietnam was trying to defeat the democracy of South Vietnam and unify the country.