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Most of the continent of Africa had been colonized by the year 1900. The African colonization was one by 7 European nations.
Among the European countries that established their own colonies in Africa were Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. While some countries (including France, Spain, and Portugal) had colonized parts of Africa as far back as the 1500s, the majority of the colonization by the European powers occurred in the mid-to late 1800s. To a certain extent, the Dutch were apart of this colonization as they formed a group of other Europeans who settled in what was South Africa. They were called Afrikaners.
West Africa was largely colonized by the French. Because of this, it was known as French West Africa. The countries of Algeria, Mali, Niger, Chad, and others were all colonized by the French, and did not gain their independence until the last half of the 20th century,
There are 25 countries in Africa that have French as one of the official languages. That means that France has colonized about 25 countries in Africa (Don't forget there have been revalutions and countries have changed.) Most of West Africa speaks French as well as Madagascar.
South Africa is the south-most country in Africa. The colonial masters of South Africa were the British who colonized the area in 1795.