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Were death camps and concentration camps the same thing?

Updated: 8/19/2022
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Natalienicolefuerst

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13y ago

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No, death camps did not hold people, they just killed them.

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Ordinary concentration camps were essentially punishment and forced labour camps. Extermination camps were intended purely as 'killing facilities': the aim was to kill new arrivals as soon as practical, usually within hours. As stated above, they did not 'hold people'. The extermination camps were:

  • Auschwitz II (Birkenau - part only. The rest was a very harsh concentration camp).
  • Belzec
  • Chelmno
  • Majdanek - (part only). The function of this camp seems to have been to provide a 'back-up' extermination facility.
  • Sobibor
  • Treblinka

In addition, there Maly Trostinets (near Minsk) was an extermination camp.

Auschwitz II and Majdanek were both concentration camps and extermination camps.

The term death camp includes all the Nazi extermination camps. It is sometimes extended to the very harshest concentration camps (the Grade III camps), where the aim was to work prisoners to death. Examples include the Mauthausen group of camps and Auschwitz III. So there is some (rather confusing) overlap between the terms.

Note that there were practically no survivors from Belzec and Chlemno (only two known survivors in each case). Sobibor and Treblinka had about 50-60 survivors each as the result of uprisings and mass break-outs by the Sonderkommandos at both camps. (The Sonderkommandos were the very small groups of new arrivals selected to help with the extermination process itself, for example, by digging mass graves, sorting the victims' personal belongings and so on). Maly Trostinets has no known survivors at all, which may be one reason why it is almost unknown. On the other hand, there were survivors from all the concentration camps, including the very harshest.

On the whole, Holocaust scholarship avoids using the term death camp, but there are some exceptions.

Please see the related questions.

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Q: Were death camps and concentration camps the same thing?
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