Ration books were issued by the US government to allow everyone to have the same chance to get goods as everyone else. There is no exact number on how many ration books were issued but over 8000 ration offices were opened to control the rationing.
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No, soldiers on active duty did not require ration books, the service provided for their needs.
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In Britain ration books where brought out in January 8th, 1940 and were taken out of use in 1954.
the shopkeepers in world war 2 had to stamp the ration books to make sure that the person collecting the rations could not collect more.
the British and US governments both issued ration books during WWII. they did this in Britain because Britain largely imported much of the "the necessities"(including but not limited to: sugar, tea, oil, wood, and produce). After WWII began, the Germans diseverly cut the amount of supplies reaching Britain by attacking the ships that carried them. In order to make sure that there was enough to go around, the British Government issued ration books(for more in fo about ration books in Britain, see what were ration books) in the US, ration books were issued so that the government could provide enough supplies to its soldiers. It was all to support the war effort.