The gap was entirely perceived. CIA figures reported a clear US advantage in the number of missiles; padded figures were presented to the public during the Cold War so that further development and expenditure would be allowed.
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Yes, missiles from the Soviet Union were transported to and assembled in Cuba before the 1963 Cuban missile crisis.In the documentary movie "The Fog of War", Robert McNamara (then the Secretary of Defense for the Kennedy administration) tells of a discussion of his in the 1990's with Cuba's leader Fidel Castro. McNamara recalls that Castro said he not only had nuclear warheads available on the island, but that he would have used them on the US if the US had invaded. Stunned by this McNamara asked if Castro would do this knowing full-well that the US would respond with overwhelming nuclear force, and Castro answered "Yes."I recommend you read about the Cuban Missile Crisis on Wikipedia and there's an excellent little book on the Cold War titled "The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction" by Oxford university press.
The US was almost always ahead of the USSR, however our intelligence was so bad we often suspected we were behind and initiated expensive weapons production programs to make up the perceived gap.
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The narrow gap between the Hindu Kush is the Bosporus Strait