It was basically a low rainfall area, but the Tigris and Euphrates river flood plains ran through it, and had annually-renewable soil from the flooding rains in the northern mountains. With irrigation from the rivers, the river valleys were very fertile and productive.
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Yes. The two rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, flow through what would otherwise be a desert.
Yes, the Syrian Desert is located south of Mesopotamia.
The fertile Euphrates and Tigris River valleys surrounded by desert, mountains and the Persian Gulf.
It is not that nice to live in it is a desert and it is dry apart from ocashina flooding from the river tigres and Euphrates
The world of Mesopotamia was full of dangers from the outside, however. Unlike Egypt, protected by the desert on either side, the people of Mesopotamia had to contend with aggressive neighbors. The Hittites came in 1550 b.c.e. and the the Assyrians in 1200 b.c.e. Both used iron weapons and were cruel conquerors, the first of many in world history.
Farming depended on the annual flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates valleys. Herding existed in the surrounding mountains. The rest was virtual desert.