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A Caliph is a religious position and represents the direction and purpose of Muslims. Shiites have not had a caliph since 'Ali's passing and the slaughter of his two sons Hussein and Hassan. The Sunnis had a Caliph until 1923 when the Republic of Turkey abolished the position. In many respects, the Caliph is similar to a Pope in function.

Sultan comes from the Arabic "Salat" which means control or power. A sultan is a strictly earthly ruler, like a king.

It is important to note that many Caliphs ran theocratic states combining earthly and heavenly domains, while Sultans almost always differed religious matters to a Caliph or to Religious Scholars (Ulemaa) or both.

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An imam is a religious leader who leads prayers and provides spiritual guidance in Islam, while a caliph is a political and religious leader who is considered the successor to the Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Islam. The caliph has authority over the Islamic community as a whole, while an imam typically leads prayers in a specific mosque or community.


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The Sunnis are a sect of Islam that believe that the caliph may be anyone who believes in the Islamic religion.


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