The cold war was a military stand-off between two sets of nuclear armed nations. If anyone was ever killed or injured, it was usually an accident (subs crashing into each other; planes colliding with each other; patrols accidently entering the wrong areas, etc.).
The war on terrorists is an actual physical hunt for terrorists (a category of violent criminals-felons) who commenced murdering innocent people on 11 September 2001. No nation is the target (such as WWII Germany, Italy, Japan; or the Korean War/North Korea; or the Vietnam War/North Vietnam-no countries are being attacked); just the criminals that are committing violence.
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The Cold War was the long, drawn out conflict between the United States (and NATO) against the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (Soviet Russia). This conflict is associated with The Korean War, The Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and many conflicts in the Middle East. This conflict lasted from about 1946 through 1991.
The War on Terror is the United States' (plus the UN and NATO) conflict against terrorist organizations across the world. The War on Terror was started by President Bush after 9/11 to engage in conflict against Al Qaeda, and other terrorist organizations in the Middle East.
Some people may associate the War on Terror with the War in Iraq as well, but that can be debatable depending on who you talk to.
Because during the Cold War, Russia invaded Afghanistan to increase their borders with Pakistan.
And now, during the War on Terror, America have occupied areas of Afghanistan and Iraq with the help of the British Army. Attempting to capture Osama bin Laden.
Complex issue, but here's a simpler treatment.
The Cold War was a non declared war and period of heightened tensions between the US and the USSR. There was a period of tension and open conflict involving China and the US regionally in Korea and Vietnam. Much of the tension rose from expansion policies of the Soviet Union and China and America's Truman Policy and America's love affair with the Domino Theory.
The "War on Terror" is more of a sound bite with which the media has run rabid. It highlights American efforts to address terrorism on US soil and within US interests around the world. Largely it has been less than successful, primarily in preparing the American people for real threats (consider the deaths of three in Boston and a statewide lockdown to twelve slain in Paris and citizens in the streets).
The War on Terror and the Cold War are quite different. The War on Terror is a series of hot wars that the US fights in different countries believed to be harboring terrorists prejudicial to US interests. The Cold War was a tense geopolitical struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that resulted in these two superpowers adding fire to local struggles for power in numerous third-world countries.
A hot war is actual fighting (actual killing). A cold war is not a war at all; the name "cold war" was simply a TERM chosen to title the "military stand-off" between the free world and the communist world.
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Cold War
The Cold War.
They overlapped and sometimes were conflated with each other.