Islam was received very slowly by many Africans, because there were many differences between their religions. First off, Africans are polytheistic, which means they believe in many gods, but also have one chief god. Muslims believe in only one god,(monotheistic) Allah and his Holy Book the Quaran. Africans didn't pray five times a day, fast at all, or give money to the poor. One of the main reasons is because of the way that the women dress. The women in Islamic societies wear a Burka, which is a dress that covers them head to toe. In Africa, the women do all of the work. The African women didn't want to wear the burka while doing work in the intense heat of the African sun. The last and final thing is that Africans wouldn't want to go on a pilgrimage to Makkah(Mecca) because it would take too much time and cost too much for them to do it. They would have rather stayed with their village and worked.
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Africa has an immense variety of religions which are based on oral histories and folk remedies. Some have syncretic elements of Islam and/or Christianity. To read about Traditional African Religions, including some names, please see the Related question below.
At the beginning, the Ghana Empire practiced exclusively African polytheistic religions. However, Islamic scholars arrived midway through the empire's reign and resulted in the conversion of the leaders to Islam. For the latter half of the empire's time, it practiced Islam predominantly, but with syncretic African touches.
African Arabs are overwhelmingly Sunni Moslem from the Maliki and Hanafi Schools. There are some Coptic Christians in Egypt, but elsewhere, the population of Non-Moslem Arabs in North Africa is minimal.
Traditional African art had had the greatest influence on 20th century sculpture and painting.
The topic of African traditional culture is a complex one because there are so many varied elements of African culture. Also, there are hundreds of African tribes, each with their own unique culture.