All of them. All states follow a three-tier system similar to the one used in the federal courts, but with names determined by the individual states.
The three tiers help guarantee parties receive appropriate procedural due process:
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All of them. All states follow a three-tier system similar to the one used in the federal courts, but with names determined by the individual states.The three tiers help guarantee parties receive appropriate procedural due process:Trial Court (Federal: US District Courts)Intermediate Appellate (Federal: US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts)Final Appellate Court (Federal: Supreme Court of the United States)
There are six intermediate hues.
The Judiciary Act of 1789 created thirteen District Courts, which heard small civil suits and minor crimes, within three Federal Circuits. The three Circuit Courts had original jurisdiction over serious federal criminal cases, and appellate jurisdiction over cases heard in the District Courts. The six US Supreme Court justices were responsible for "riding circuit" twice a year, traveling in pairs, and hearing cases as appellate judges. Congress believed this would help the Supreme Court justices stay in touch with local concerns.A typical Circuit ride was 1,800 miles round-trip, which presented such a severe hardship to some members of the Court that they resigned after the less than two years' service. John Rutledge, one of the original five justices, simply ignored his duties and neither rode circuit nor attended the Supreme Court sessions that convened in Philadelphia in February and August.
The Aztec judicial system is seen as positive mostly because it mirrors our modern day sentiments regarding the law and its implementation. Aztecs ran three different levels of courts consisting of trial (Teccalli) for matters among the common people, appellate (Tlacxitlán) courts for criminal appeals and a supreme court ran by a Chief Justice with the title of Cihuacoatl. The Emperor only ruled on cases that were deemed too important for the courts alone. This particular model of government intrigued many of the Spanish that encountered the Aztecs due both its complex level of organization and the similarity to other legal systems already in place in Europe.
Well obviously this case struggled, no one really wanted to deal with religious people so it was a big joke, which is why it went through many state courts, district courts, and eventually the supreme court, just to fail.