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It would be exceptionally difficult to design a battery and motor that together give exactly one rotation per second or per minute (to give good time). Instead a known constant output of a given motor and a given battery are used as a base point from which the speed must be geared towards your goal speed. Cogs, or toothed wheels, are used to take a fixed speed source (such as an electrical motor in a watch) and vary the output speed to the exactly desired speed. The teeth are used to give good traction between any two wheels touching each other, otherwise small variances in temperature etc night allow slippage between different sized wheels within the clock. The ability of cogs to vary speed results from the differences in circumference as they turn each other. By careful calculation any rotational speed can be geared up or down by neighbouring cogs. This is very similar to your bicycle and if you have access to a "spirograph" set you would be able to enjoy seeing the variable relationships between different cogs in action

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Q: How does a clock run by cogs?
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