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When Japan was defeated by the USA and the USSR (who had very recently recently decided to declare war on Japan after the fall of the Nazis and at the request of President Truman), Korea, a territory of Japan since 1910, was split in half much like Nazi Germany was divided between the victorious Allies. The Northern half of Korea belonged to the USSR, and the Southern Half to the USA-- this is also the root of North Korean Communism, the reason why the Korean War erupted (when Comunist North Korea tried to take over South Korea), and why there are two Koreas today.

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