Baghdad.
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The years 800 A.D to 1100 A.D are considered a great period in the history of islam, also known as the Golden Age of Islam. During this period , literature flourished, medical and mathematical knowledge increased and scientific inventions were accomplished. Hospitals were established and public libraries were given particular attentions. For example, more than 100 public libraries were founded in Baghdad , and the library of Cairo contained about 1,600,000 volumes.
Roman culture did not have much influence. Greek culture did. The Arabs read the scrolls in the library in Alexandria and became very interested in Greek science and mathematics, which helped them with the scientific advances they made in their age of splendour, which was at the time of the European Middle Ages.
they became centers of learning and culture
No, Athens became the most powerful Greek city-state.
The Hellenistic states which succeeded Alexander dwindled and the Roman Empire expanded through Greece. The holdout was Alexandria which became the bastion of Greek culture.